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Reflections

Arnstein's (1969) ladder of participation reserves its highest rung to citizen control where all the decisions of a community development project are relegated to the community itself. With this in mind, we decided to involve MMS staff through the earliest stages of discussion; this is when the community there voiced an opinion to scale up the project -- i.e. to install a more expensive water filteration system capable of dispensing both hot and cold water. The original plan for the project envisioned the installation of a simple, relatively cheap water filteration system but this was modified to attempt to incorporate the community's expecations of the project. The MMS staff, including its leadership, pledged support during the following meetings and through involvemnet of the MMS recreational club (MRC), it was decided that all staff would show their support for the project by voluntarily donating 1-day's salary to the cause. To better facilitate this process and emp...

Project Background & Overview

Introduction Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a common thermoplastic resin of the polyester family and is used to make film, shirts, fabrics and plastic bottles (Ji, 2013). Around 30% of the world’s PET production is used for bottling purposes, and this is because of the good clarity and inertness of the material (Ceretti et al., 2010). Additionally, the substance also does an excellent job of providing a physiochemical barrier to oxygen and carbon, preserving the life of the bottled content. In addition to water, PET is also used to retain carbonated drinks because of this barrier property. The beverages industry use PET bottles for its transparency, relative lightness and potential for recyclability. Such qualities have enabled the PET bottle to be the most popular form of containing beverages, especially drinking or mineralised water. Globally, it is estimated that a million bottles are purchased every minute and this figure is expected to rise by 20% in the next by 2021 (La...

Project Timeline

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Project timeline from Weeks I - XIV

Week 13 & 14

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MRC collected staff feedback before implementing the project Questionnaire Page 1 Questionnaire Page 2

Week 11 & 12

MRC collected contribution from staff of MMS to install a water filter at MMS.

Week 10

Citizen Control The project was handed over to the MRC of MMS on this week fulfilling the last rung on Arnstein's hierarchy.

Week 8 & 9

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Delegation Collecting staff feedback to contribute one day salary to MRC for the initial investment of the project. Meeting with the female staffers of MMS